Risk factors

Although the cause of hypospadias is usually unknown, these factors may be associated with the condition:

• Family history. This condition is more common in infants with a family history of hypospadias.
• Genetics. Certain gene variations may play a role in disruption of the hormones that stimulate formation of the male genitals.
• Maternal age over 35. Some research suggests that there may be an increased risk of hypospadias in infant males born to women older than 35 years.
• Exposure to certain substances during pregnancy. There is some speculation about an association between hypospadias and a mother's exposure to certain hormones or certain compounds such as pesticides or industrial chemicals, but further studies are needed to confirm this.